Severe allergic reaction in the workplace: How first aiders are trained to respond

An increasing number of people are developing allergies each year. Data published by the NHS revealed that hospital admissions for allergic reactions rose sharply from March 2021 to March 2022. While allergies can often be an uncomfortable inconvenience, severe allergic reactions, known as anaphylaxis, are a life-threatening medical emergency that requires urgent intervention. Our blog features essential advice on recognising and responding to sudden severe allergic reactions, including the critical first aid steps to take if someone experiences a severe allergic reaction.

How our training prepares a first aider to help someone with a severe allergic reaction

Our course learners will discover how to recognise the signs of someone who may be having a severe allergic reaction and the first aid steps to help someone who may be experiencing one. Our practical hands-on training includes enabling learners to practice using an autoinjector themselves. All our trainers are issued with autoinjector training devices. This is a great way to build confidence in a less stressful environment, so the learners can quickly recall the key steps in the case of a real first aid emergency.

What happens when someone is having a severe allergic reaction?

Anaphylaxis, or anaphylactic shock, is a severe allergic reaction that poses an immediate and life-threatening emergency. Unlike mild allergic reactions that may cause discomfort, the defining features of anaphylaxis are breathing difficulties and the rapid shutdown of vital systems. This reaction can develop within seconds or minutes of exposure to an allergen or trigger.

During a severe allergic reaction, the body’s immune system releases chemicals that cause symptoms such as:

• difficulty breathing
• swelling
• potentially fatal drop in blood pressure.

For individuals at risk of anaphylaxis, doctors often prescribe adrenaline auto-injectors. However, it’s essential to also call 999 immediately for an ambulance. Emergency medical professionals are needed to provide further treatment and stabilise the casualty.

In what workplace situations or environments are people likely to have a severe allergic reaction?

Anaphylactic shock is a severe allergic reaction that can develop within seconds or minutes of contact with a “trigger” and is an emergency. Common causes of allergic reactions are:

• pollen
• stings and bites
• latex
• food items such as nuts, shellfish, eggs or dairy products.

The likelihood of encountering these triggers can vary depending on the work environment:

• outdoor workplaces
• settings
• food preparation or hospitality environments.

Understanding these potential risks and ensuring appropriate first aid measures are in place can make all the difference in managing an emergency and saving lives.

What to do if someone is having a severe allergic reaction in the workplace

Mild allergies typically cause:

• itchy skin and eyes.

Severe allergies can also result in symptoms like:

• swelling of the tongue or neck
  difficulty breathing.

The person will have had contact with something they are severely allergic to, though it may not be clear what this was. They may:

• have trouble breathing
• display changes to the skin including appearing flushed or paler than is normal for them
• have a visibly swollen tongue or throat
• feel confused or very scared.

If you suspect someone is having a severe allergic reaction at work, take the following steps:

1. Call 999 immediately or get someone else to do it.
2. If the person has an auto-injector, encourage them to use it or if they are unable to do this, you can help them by following the instructions on the side.
3. Reassure them and make them comfortable while you wait for the ambulance to arrive.

How can you be prepared for someone having a severe allergic reaction in the workplace?

Employers play a crucial role in preparing for first aid emergencies including severe allergic reactions. Identifying the potential triggers in the workplace is an important first step in managing risks and reducing employees' exposure to allergens. Regular risk assessments, combined with a valid first aid needs assessment, ensure that hazards are identified, controls are in place, and legal obligations are met. These assessments can highlight problem areas, such as the presence of common allergens or employees with a history of severe allergic reactions.

By staying proactive with up-to-date assessments and comprehensive first aid training, you can ensure your team is prepared to handle emergencies effectively.

Download our first aid needs assessment template, so you can equip your team with the tools, skills, and confidence to act in a first aid emergency.

Our 3-day First Aid at Work course and 2-day First Aid at Work Requalification course feature the critical skills needed to assist someone experiencing a severe allergic reaction. Employers should also encourage employees at risk of severe allergic reactions to always carry their prescribed auto-injectors and consider wearing medical identification.